Style Sheet

Students are required to use the following guidelines for essays and assignments (unless

indicated otherwise by the lecturer).

A required reference for students is Lawrence McIntosh, A Style Manual for the Presentation

of Papers and Theses in Religion and Theology (Wagga Wagga, NSW: Centre of Information

Studies, 1994).

The following guidelines are based on McIntosh: students should refer to it for any further

clarification that is required, and for details not explicitly mentioned here.

Two systems of footnotes/endnotes are described in the manual. CTC requires the NB

system with maximal capitalisation (pp.46-47 & p.56).

Presentation

Essays must be typed single-sided on A4 paper (prior permission from the lecturer is

required for papers to be handwritten).

Each assignment must contain footnotes/endnotes (as required) and a bibliography.

Pages are stapled in the top left-hand corner.

A completed Assignment Cover Sheet must be attached to all written work.

Text

Double-spaced typing with a 3cm left-hand margin.

Pages should be numbered in the top right-hand corner. The first page is counted but not

numbered.

If the essay is divided into distinct sections or chapters, a contents page is required with

page

references.

If a synopsis of the essay is required, it should be on a separate page preceding the text.

Inclusive language should be used where possible.

Appendices

Appendices are added to the end of an essay - before the bibliography.

Quotations

Short quotations (up to about three lines) are situated in the body of the text, enclosed in

quotation marks.

Lengthy quotations are single-spaced and indented by 1cm from both margins.

They do not require quotation marks and should have a line space above and below the

quote.

Use of a smaller font size is optional.

Abbreviations of biblical books are not followed by a full stop. Accordingly:

OT:	Gen	Exod	Lev	Num	Deut	Jos
	Jgs	Ruth	1-2 Sam	1-2 Kings	1-2 Chr	Ezra
	Neh	Tob	Jdt	Esth	1-2 Macc	Job
	Ps(s)	Prov	Qoh	Song	Wis	Sir
	Isa	Jer	Lam	Bar	Ezek	Dan
	Hos	Joel	Amos	Obad	Jon	Mic
	Nah	Hab	Zeph	Hag	Zech	Mal
NT:	Mt	Mk	Lk	Jn	Acts	Rom
	1-2 Cor	Gal	Eph	Phil	Col	1-2 Thess
	1-2 Tim	Tit	Phlm	Heb	Jas	1-2 Pet
	1-2-3 Jn	Jude	Rev

References are written with a colon between chapter and verse(s), and a semicolon separating

one reference from another: e.g. Mt 16:16; Mk 8:29; Lk 9:20.

Sometimes, when a part only of a verse is referred to, ‘a’ or ‘b’ may be added according to

whether the first or second part is concerned: e.g. Mt 16:16b; Rom 5:12a.

Scriptural references are bracketed in the text of the essay, rather than in notes.

Punctuation

End of quotation:	period/comma always inside	.”or ,”
	semicolon/colon always outside	”; or”:
	when the quotation itself is a question	?”
	if you are questioning the quotation	”?
Content omitted within a quotation replaced with ...
Foreign words are italicised, except when used in actual script, e.g. Greek or Hebrew.

Citations

Footnotes/Endnotes

Students are required to acknowledge the source of all quotations, ideas or arguments in

footnotes (bottom of each page) or endnotes (conclusion of essay). Either form is acceptable.

Footnote:	Insert a superscript number at the end of the sentence or quotation to which the note refers (after any punctuation). At the bottom of the page, the number is repeated and the necessary information given.
Endnote:	Insert a superscript number at the end of the sentence or quotation to which the note refers (after any punctuation). At the end of the essay, the number is repeated and the necessary information given.

Footnotes and endnotes are single-spaced and numbered consecutively throughout the

essay.

If a note for a source is the same as the one preceding it Ibid. is used. (Ibidem is the Latin

word for “the same”). For the same source but different page number, e.g. Ibid., p.167.

If a source has been already cited (but not in the previous note), the author’s surname is

used, followed by an abbreviation of the title and the page number. (This format is required

rather than op.cit. or art.cit.).

Information retrieved from on-line (Internet) or other computer programs must also be cited

in footnotes/endnotes and bibliography and the date of access given.

Format:	Initial(s) or Given Name(s) Surname [comma] Title - italicised (Place of Publication [colon] Publisher [comma] Date) [comma] Volume and page reference [period]
	i.e. Name, Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date), Page reference.

Other information, such as the name of the series, editor, volume number, edition, is included

between the title and publishing details, each followed by a comma.

Bibliography

The bibliography is an alphabetical listing by author’s surname of all sources cited in the

essay.

Format:	Surname [comma] Initial(s) or Given Name(s) [period] Title - italicised [period] Place of Publication [colon] Publisher [comma] Date [period]
	i.e. Surname, Given name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Other information, such as the name of the series, editor, volume number, edition, is included

between the title and publishing details, each followed by a period.

Examples

Books with one author

Note:	Claus Westermann, Genesis: A Commentary (London: SPCK, 1984-86), 2: 169-81
Bib:	Westermann, Claus. Genesis: A Commentary. 3 vols. London: SPCK, 1984-86.

Books with two or three authors

Note:	John H. Hayes and Carl R. Holladay, Biblical Exegesis: A Beginner’s Handbook (London: SCM, 1982), 49.
Bib:	Hayes, John H., and Carl R. Holladay. Biblical Exegesis: A Beginner’s Handbook. London: SCM, 1982.

Four or more authors

Note:	Peter Singer et al., eds, Embryo Experimentation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 205-207.
Bib:	Singer, Peter, et al., eds. Embryo Experimentation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Essay/article in a collection

Note:	A. J. Saldarini, “The Gospel of Matthew and Jewish-Christian Conflict”, in Social History of the Matthean Community, edited by D. L. Balch (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991), 45.
Bib:	Saldarini, A. J. “The Gospel of Matthew and Jewish-Christian Conflict”. In Social History of the Matthean Community. Edited by D. L. Balch. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991, 38-61.

Articles in Journals and Periodicals

Series with continuous pagination

Note:

John Hilary Martin, “Can Religions Change? A Hierarchy of Values in Genesis”,

Pacifica 3 (1990): 5-8.

Bib:

Martin, John Hilary. “Can Religions Change? A Hierarchy of Values in Genesis”.

Pacifica 3 (1990): 1-24.

Series where issues are paginated individually

Note:

F. O’Loughlin, “The Eucharist and the Foundations of a Christian Attitude to

Justice”, Compass 23/4 (1989): 6.

Bib:

O’Loughlin, F. “The Eucharist and the Foundations of a Christian Attitude to

Justice”. Compass 23/4 (1989): 2-8.

Encyclopedia Articles

Signed

Note:	T. H. Tobin, “Logos”, in Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992), 4: 350-51.
Bib:	Tobin, T. H. “Logos”. In Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992), 4: 345-56.

Unsigned

Note:	“Rahner, Karl”, in The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed. (1986), 9:901.
Bib:	“Rahner, Karl”. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed. (1986), 9: 901.

Vatican Documents (as for books)

Note:

John Paul II, Veritatis SplendorEncyclical Letter (Homebush: St. Pauls, 1993),

para 3.

Bib:

John Paul II. Veritatis Splendor. Encyclical Letter. Homebush: St. Pauls, 1993.

Internet

Title of Site; website URL; Date retrieved.

E.g.: ‘Museums’; www.vatican.va; retrieved 29 June 1997.